"H TWO O" Seems everyone knows the chemical formula for water. Did you know that water IS a magnet? It sticks to other water molecules by electrons attraction to the proton (of the hydrogen 'ears' not ther protons in the oxygen's core nucleus)! Did you know that PURE water does NOT conduct electricity? Pure water is just as much an ACID as a BASE? Water is a rare exception in that most all substances shrink when they cool down... water will expand (such that ice will freeze on a lake from the top down (and insulate the inside of it from further freezing and protect the fish!). This concentrates salts so that the freezing point is now below zero and can keep it in a salty liquid form, not ice). H2O is densest around 4 degrees Centigrade (where freezing is only at zero degree Centigrade). So water starts expanding as it lowers in temp from four degrees (See the Shackleford IMAX expedition to the pole, where the boat got froze into the ice, and after waiting all winter for the ice to melt, it crushed the boat!).

Water molecules in space (like comets) carry elements (probably the dissolved ions of elements like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, sodium, silicon,...) and other molecules like cyanide HCN, or maybe even amino acids like glycine NH3C(CH2)COOH. Elements made from a supernova before our SUN was even formed have been sucked into it and help create the magnetic fields creating sunspots that allow a cool enough region above them for oxygen and hydrogen protons to hold together to make some hot water vapor molecules! {Yes there is water near the surface of the sun above the 'black' of a sunspot.

Ice is known to have at least 11 popular types (that can be even further categorized). Snow, a blind person said can tell of five types... of snow, icy to powdery, to colder, to "stickier", ...

Some water is made very soon after the oxygen gets made (another alpha He-4 particle connecting to carbon-12[=0xygen-16] ; radicals of hydroxide and others can form in a star's atmosphere and make molecules that once thought it was too hot for a molecule to exist, but again even our sun has water molecules

Water ionizes into protons (when held by water molecules are called "Hydronium cations" {H+ (aq) but is really, "H2O(p+)"} and hydroxide anions {OH- (aq)}that have lost the proton but kept the electrons. So pH is related to the mole {Avogadro's number 6.02 x 10 (23)}and a Liter's volume by...

One liter of water will weigh 1000 grams which is {55.5 x [6.02 x 10 (23)]} water molecules

of those {0.000 000 1 x [6.02 x 10 (23)] molecules will have a third proton or had a proton taken away (leaving the hydroxide anion) so to put that into exponential notation and taking the negative logarithm is {[ -log (base 10)] [1.00 x 10 (-7) ]}= pH 7

so a pH of seven is neutral (because the number of protons in the hydronium cations equals the same number of hydroxide anions (water molecules that have lost a proton), but still at a pH of seven water has the properties of both an acid and a base which adds to its name as the "universal solvent"

"universal solvent", water's magnetic properties (oxygen having lone pairs of electrons to attract positive ions) allow ions to be transported in the blood or in roots, and even rust is caused by water's electrons being able to draw iron ions out of the metal...

Avogadro's 'MOLE'- add atomic masses for two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen atoms (and you'll have a mole of water molecules) weighing 18 grams {which is 18 mL}... So if you see the connection to how 1 liter weighs 1000 grams, such that one milliliter weighs one gram...(and is 6.02 x 10 (23) water molecules IN ONE milliliter!!!!

!!!!!!TRY THIS CARTOON!!!!!!!!Describing how the protons in hydrogen are combined on oxygen to make water molecules....

The gaseous mixture of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen are the main components of the fuel for the EXTERNAL TANK (orange one) supplying the space shuttle's three main engines that combine (LH2, liquid hydrogen and LOX, liquid oxygen) and propel water out (yes that's all that comes out of the three main engines is WATER ... vapor, extremely hot water!)... Oxygen and hydrogen release the most energy for any high volume liquid rocket engines. SRB = Solid Rocket Boosters provide more thrust but being solid fuel makes it hard to turn off! (or impossible, once ignited)

Water has rotation and vibrational energies that radio astronomers can tune in on... This is one use in the microwave (don't confuse "micro" with 10(-6) prefix 'mu' that represents a "micro-meter" scale... the wavelength that heats water in a home microwave in the centi-meter range (cm) which are only hundredths of a meter....kind of long, a finger's width? {2.54 cm = 1.00 inch}compared to a real 'mico-meter' wave....